Religious Groups Aim to Redefine Symbol Linked to War, Hatred
2022-12-01
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1When Dr. Sheetal Deo celebrated the Hindu festival of lights called Diwali recently, she did not think it would be considered offensive.
2But she got a letter from officials at her building in New York City telling her to remove her Diwali decorations because it "had a swastika on it."
3The swastika is a cross with right angles at the ends.
4It is believed to have long been used as a symbol of peace and good luck in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist religions and several cultures.
5In the West and Russia, however, the swastika, also called hakenkreuz, is linked to Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany.
6The symbol is also linked to the Holocaust in which millions of Jews and other people were killed during World War II.
7Groups tied to acts of hate have continued to use the swastika.
8However, the Associated Press (AP) reports that there has been a movement to reclaim the earlier meaning of the swastika in the past 10 years among Asian immigrants and Native Americans.
9Deo said she believes these communities should not apologize for using their symbol because of its misuse in the past.
10"To me, that's intolerable," Deo said.
11But to many others, especially in the Jewish communities, giving the swastika a second chance is not possible.
12Shelley Rood Wernick is a director of the Jewish Federations of North America's Center on Holocaust Survivor Care.
13Wernick said Holocaust survivors could feel the horrors again when they see the symbol.
14She went on to say, "I recognize the swastika as a symbol of hate."
15Steven Heller wrote a book called Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption?
16He said the swastika is an emotional symbol for so many whose loved ones were murdered.
17Heller's great-grandfather died during the Holocaust.
18"A rose by any other name is a rose. In the end, it's how a symbol affects you visually and emotionally," Heller said.
19The swastika has been used since prehistoric times.
20The word itself has roots in Sanskrit, an ancient language, and means "the mark of well being."
21In the religion of Jainism found in India, the swastika represents four kinds of births.
22In Buddhism, it is called "manji."
23It is often used to mark the place of Buddhist temples.
24And in China, it is called "Wàn."
25The symbol is common in India.
26It is seen in doorways, on cars, and in other places.
27It is usually drawn with red and yellow colors.
28Vikas Jain is a doctor in the city of Cleveland, Ohio.
29He and his wife have had to hide images in their home with the symbol because when their children's friends visit "they wouldn't know the difference."
30The swastika was also an important symbol to many indigenous communities around the world.
31They can be found on objects dating back more than 10,000 years which now can be seen in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine.
32In the early 1900s, Native American artists used it in their crafts, including silver work, clothes, and pottery.
33But after the Nazis used it, leaders of the Hopi, Navajo, Apache, and other tribes approved an agreement in 1940 to ban the symbol from use.
34Patricia Anne Davis is a member of the Choctaw and Dineh nations.
35She said it was a symbol of peace, healing, and goodness until the Nazis changed its meaning.
36She added that it is time to bring back the first meaning of the symbol.
37The Coalition of Hindus of North America is one of the groups aiming to separate the swastika from the Nazi's "cross" called hakenkreuz.
38The group supports a new law in the state of California that makes it illegal to show the hakenkreuz in public.
39The law does not criminalize the swastika as a sacred symbol.
40However, it says both symbols are "swastikas."
41Jeff Kelman is a Holocaust historian based in the state of New Hampshire.
42He believes the hakenkreuz and swastika can be separated.
43Kelman is presenting this idea to Jewish communities.
44He is hopeful that the symbol can be redefined as a good thing because he sees his message being understood by so many people, including Holocaust survivors.
45"When they learn an Indian girl could be named Swastika and she could be harassed in school, they understand how they should see these as two separate symbols," Kelman said.
46Greta Elbogen is an 85-year-old Holocaust survivor.
47Members of her family were killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II.
48She said that she was surprised to learn of the swastika's history.
49Elbogen said this new information about the symbol means she does not fear the symbol that was used to frighten her.
50"Hearing that the swastika is beautiful and sacred to so many people is a blessing. It's time to let go of the past and look to the future," Elbogen said.
51I'm Faith Pirlo.
52And I'm Andrew Smith.
1When Dr. Sheetal Deo celebrated the Hindu festival of lights called Diwali recently, she did not think it would be considered offensive. But she got a letter from officials at her building in New York City telling her to remove her Diwali decorations because it "had a swastika on it." 2The swastika is a cross with right angles at the ends. It is believed to have long been used as a symbol of peace and good luck in the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainist religions and several cultures. 3In the West and Russia, however, the swastika, also called hakenkreuz, is linked to Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany. The symbol is also linked to the Holocaust in which millions of Jews and other people were killed during World War II. Groups tied to acts of hate have continued to use the swastika. 4However, the Associated Press (AP) reports that there has been a movement to reclaim the earlier meaning of the swastika in the past 10 years among Asian immigrants and Native Americans. 5Deo said she believes these communities should not apologize for using their symbol because of its misuse in the past. 6"To me, that's intolerable," Deo said. 7But to many others, especially in the Jewish communities, giving the swastika a second chance is not possible. 8Shelley Rood Wernick is a director of the Jewish Federations of North America's Center on Holocaust Survivor Care. Wernick said Holocaust survivors could feel the horrors again when they see the symbol. She went on to say, "I recognize the swastika as a symbol of hate." 9Steven Heller wrote a book called Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption? He said the swastika is an emotional symbol for so many whose loved ones were murdered. Heller's great-grandfather died during the Holocaust. 10"A rose by any other name is a rose. In the end, it's how a symbol affects you visually and emotionally," Heller said. 11The swastika's meaning in other cultures 12The swastika has been used since prehistoric times. The word itself has roots in Sanskrit, an ancient language, and means "the mark of well being." 13In the religion of Jainism found in India, the swastika represents four kinds of births. In Buddhism, it is called "manji." It is often used to mark the place of Buddhist temples. And in China, it is called "Wàn." 14The symbol is common in India. It is seen in doorways, on cars, and in other places. It is usually drawn with red and yellow colors. 15Vikas Jain is a doctor in the city of Cleveland, Ohio. He and his wife have had to hide images in their home with the symbol because when their children's friends visit "they wouldn't know the difference." 16The swastika was also an important symbol to many indigenous communities around the world. They can be found on objects dating back more than 10,000 years which now can be seen in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. 17In the early 1900s, Native American artists used it in their crafts, including silver work, clothes, and pottery. But after the Nazis used it, leaders of the Hopi, Navajo, Apache, and other tribes approved an agreement in 1940 to ban the symbol from use. 18Patricia Anne Davis is a member of the Choctaw and Dineh nations. She said it was a symbol of peace, healing, and goodness until the Nazis changed its meaning. She added that it is time to bring back the first meaning of the symbol. 19Difference between swastika and hakenkreuz 20The Coalition of Hindus of North America is one of the groups aiming to separate the swastika from the Nazi's "cross" called hakenkreuz. 21The group supports a new law in the state of California that makes it illegal to show the hakenkreuz in public. The law does not criminalize the swastika as a sacred symbol. However, it says both symbols are "swastikas." 22Jeff Kelman is a Holocaust historian based in the state of New Hampshire. He believes the hakenkreuz and swastika can be separated. Kelman is presenting this idea to Jewish communities. 23He is hopeful that the symbol can be redefined as a good thing because he sees his message being understood by so many people, including Holocaust survivors. 24"When they learn an Indian girl could be named Swastika and she could be harassed in school, they understand how they should see these as two separate symbols," Kelman said. 25Greta Elbogen is an 85-year-old Holocaust survivor. Members of her family were killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II. She said that she was surprised to learn of the swastika's history. 26Elbogen said this new information about the symbol means she does not fear the symbol that was used to frighten her. 27"Hearing that the swastika is beautiful and sacred to so many people is a blessing. It's time to let go of the past and look to the future," Elbogen said. 28I'm Faith Pirlo. 29And I'm Andrew Smith. 30Deepa Bharath wrote this article for The Associated Press. Faith Pirlo adapted it for Learning English. 31_________________________________________________________________ 32Words in This Story 33decoration - n. something that decorates or beautifies 34symbol - n. a place, action, object, or event, that expresses or represents a particular idea or quality 35faith - n. strong religious belief or strong belief in someone or something 36intolerable - adj. too bad, harsh, or severe to be accepted 37horror - n. an experience or thing that causes great fear or dread 38indigenous - n. native to a place 39harassed - v. to annoy or bother (someone) in a constant or repeated way 40legacy - n. something that comes from someone in the past that affects the present 41sacred - adj. greatly honored by a religion